1994 Model Year Vehicles
1994 Model Year Vehicles
Federal (EPA) and California fuel specifications for emission certification of model year (MY) 1994 and later highway engines and vehicles is shown in Table 1.
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California regulations allow manufacturers to certify engines/vehicles using the EPA certification fuel. Alternately, California specifies its own test fuel of somewhat better quality and, thus, resulting in lower emissions. Manufacturers are generally allowed to use the California fuel for those vehicle types and model years where California emissions regulations are more stringent than the federal regulations. In cases when California and federal emission standards are identical, manufacturers may be required to use the EPA fuel for California certification testing.
Table 1US and California Certification Diesel Fuel for 1994 and Later MY Vehicles
| Fuel Property | Unit | Specification | Test† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Federal | California | |||
| Cetane Number (natural) | 42-50 | 47-55 | D613 | |
| Distillation Range | °F | D86; 13 CCR §2282(g)(3) | ||
| IBP | 340-400 | 340-420 | ||
| 10% point | 400-460 | 400-490 | ||
| 50% point | 470-540 | 470-560 | ||
| 90% point | 560-630 | 550-610 | ||
| EP | 610-690 | 580-660 | ||
| API Gravity | 32-37 | 33-39 | D287 | |
| Total Sulfur | % (wt.) | 0.03-0.05 | 0.01-0.05 | D2622; 13 CCR §2282(g)(3) |
| Nitrogen content (max) | ppmw | 100-500 | 13 CCR §2282(g)(3) | |
| Total Aromatic Hydrocarbons | % (vol.) | 27 (min) | 8-12 | D1319; 13 CCR §2282(g)(3) |
| Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons | % (wt.) | 1.4 (max) | ||
| Flashpoint (min) | °F | 130 | 130 | D93 |
| Viscosity @ 40°F | mm2/s | 2.0-3.2 | 2.0-4.1 | D445 |
| † ASTM standards and/or California Title 13, CCR procedures |
The EPA specification also allows the following non-metallic fuel additives in certification fuels: cetane improvers, anti-oxidants, dehazers, metal deactivators, anti-corrosion, pour depressants, dyes, dispersants, biocides.
